zkintermediate
Groth16: The workhorse of zk-SNARKs
Groth16 is the pairing-based zk-SNARK that set the bar for on-chain verification.
OPEN ->CH-05 RESEARCH EXPLORER
RESEARCH EXPLORER
Browse the curated catalog of zero-knowledge proof systems and cross-chain interoperability research. Every topic links to the episodes that cover it and the papers it came from.
TOPICS
12
ZK
6
INTEROP
6
REFERENCES
36
zkintermediate
PLONK and universal setups
PLONK broke the per-circuit trusted-setup curse.
OPEN ->zkadvanced
STARKs: post-quantum and transparent
STARKs throw out pairings in favor of hash functions and polynomial low-degree testing.
OPEN ->zkadvanced
Recursive proofs with Nova folding
Nova is a folding scheme, not a SNARK by itself.
OPEN ->zkadvanced
Halo2 and the PSE stack
Halo2 started inside Electric Coin Co as the backend for the Orchard pool and escaped into the Privacy and Scaling Explorations group at the Ethereum Foundation.
OPEN ->zkintermediate
zkVMs: SP1 vs RISC0
zkVMs treat the zero-knowledge prover as a compiler target instead of a circuit library.
OPEN ->interopintermediate
IBC light clients in practice
IBC is the original validity bridge.
OPEN ->interopintermediate
LayerZero v2 DVNs
LayerZero v2 made the security model application-configurable.
OPEN ->interopintermediate
Wormhole guardians and VAA verification
Wormhole is a message passing network secured by a permissioned guardian set.
OPEN ->interopintermediate
Hyperlane interchain security modules
Hyperlane's pitch is sovereign interop: deploy the protocol anywhere, pick your own validator set, swap the security model by contract.
OPEN ->interopintermediate
Axelar Amplifier and verifier sets
Axelar is a Cosmos SDK chain whose entire job is cross-chain routing.
OPEN ->interopadvanced
ZK light clients: the convergence
ZK light clients are where the ZK track and the interop track collide.
OPEN ->